Which statement differentiates soluble and insoluble dietary fiber and names one health benefit for each?

• A. Soluble fiber dissolves in water and helps lower cholesterol and slow glucose absorption; insoluble fiber adds bulk and improves bowel movement regularity.
• B. Soluble fiber adds bulk; insoluble lowers cholesterol.
• C. Soluble fiber harms glucose absorption.
• D. Insoluble fiber dissolves in water and lowers cholesterol.

Answer: (A)

The difference between soluble and insoluble dietary fiber lies in how they interact with water and the health effects they produce. Soluble fiber dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance that slows gastric emptying and the rate of glucose absorption, helping to blunt post-meal blood sugar spikes. It also can bind bile acids, contributing to lower LDL cholesterol. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water; it adds bulk to stool and speeds up intestinal transit, which promotes regular bowel movements and helps prevent constipation.

The statement that soluble fiber dissolves in water and helps lower cholesterol and slow glucose absorption while insoluble fiber adds bulk and improves bowel movement regularity accurately reflects these differences and their health benefits.