Which nutrient is primarily recommended to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy?

• A. Iron
• B. Calcium
• C. Iodine
• D. Folic acid

Answer: (D)

The main idea is that folic acid prevents neural tube defects by supporting DNA synthesis and rapid cell division that occur as the neural tube forms very early in pregnancy. Adequate folate is needed before conception and in the early weeks of pregnancy to ensure proper closure of the neural tube, reducing risks such as spina bifida and anencephaly. The typical recommendation is 400 micrograms of folic acid daily for women planning pregnancy and through the first trimester; higher doses (such as 4,000 micrograms) may be advised for certain risk factors. Folate is found naturally in leafy greens, beans, and fortified foods, while folic acid is the synthetic, more bioavailable form used in supplements and fortified products. While iron, calcium, and iodine are important for overall pregnancy health, they do not specifically prevent neural tube defects.