What can happen to dietary triglycerides when they reach liver cells?

• A. Stored as TAG in lipid droplets
• B. Secreted as VLDL
• C. Oxidized for energy to CO2
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Triglycerides that reach the liver have multiple possible fates depending on energy needs and hormonal signals. First, they can be stored as triglycerides within hepatocytes, accumulating in lipid droplets when there’s excess energy intake. Second, the liver can package triglycerides into very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and secrete them into the bloodstream to deliver fats to other tissues. Third, the fatty acids derived from these triglycerides can be oxidized in mitochondria to produce energy, with carbon ends ending up as CO2 and water. Since the liver can simultaneously store some fats, export others, and oxidize a portion for energy, all of these outcomes are possible.